Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm

Ant dependency Optimization AlgorithmTo solve the planning problem, we proposed an ACO algorithm with advertize designed. ACO builds solutions in a step-by-step manner and en opens the use of problem-based heuristics to guide the ants to search the way it is possible to design heuristics argon useful to direct the ants to schedule the deprecative tasks as early as possible and to assign the project tasks to suitable employees with required skills. The Ant Colony Optimization promises to give solution with fast and work out well on the given problem. In consideration of the previous experiments, the proposed approach is compared with four other approaches on three real projects with randomly generated instances.Ant Colony Optimization algorithm can be exposit as the repeated execution of the following three main proceduresSolution constructionPheromone management deuce actionsThe solution construction strategy in the proposed algorithm has dickens steps1) Construction of the tas k list2) Construction of the matrix for employee allocation. The pheromone values are to be updated by the local and the global updating rules.6.2 Software Environment6.2.1 Features of .NetMicrosoft .NET is a intend of Microsoft software technologies for rapidly building and integrating XML wind vane services with Windows-based applications, and Web Application solutions. The .NET mannequin is a language-neutral platform for writing programs that can easily and securely interoperate. Theres no language barrier with .NET there are numerous languages available to the developer including Managed C++, C, Visual Basic and Java Script. The .NET manikin wills the foundation for components seamless interaction locally or remotely on unhomogeneous platforms. Net mainly standardizes the universalality information types of various languages and communication protocols so that components created in different languages can easily interoperate..NET is alike the collective comprise give n to various software components built upon the .NET platform. The .Net platform will provide to develop both products and services (like .NET My serve, Passport and so on).6.2.2 The .Net FrameworkThe .NET Framework has two main partsThe Common speech Runtime (CLR).A hierarchical set of affiliate libraries.The CLR is the key shoot a line of .net that described as the execution engine of .NET. It provides the common execution environment to execute programs which will be implemented in different languages.The main features .Net isConverting a low-level assembly-style language which is called as Intermediate lecture (IL), into a native code (0s and 1s) to the platform being executed on.The new feature garbage collection that manages the memory efficiently.Verifying and as well as enforcing security restrictions on the code when it is running.Contains version control feature that maintains different versions of the programs and other such features.The following some other featur es of the .NET framework are describedManaged CodeThe programming language code which targets .NET framework is called managed code. Both managed and unmanaged code can be running at the runtime, but only the managed code contains the culture that allows the CLR to make guarantee and execute, for any(prenominal) instance, the safe execution and interoperability.Managed DataManaged Code comes with the Managed Data. Common Language Runtime provides allocation of memory and dealing location facilities, and also garbage collection. Some .NET languages use Managed Data by default those are like C, VB .NET and JScript.NET. Targeting Common Language Runtime will be depending on the languages are utilise make certain constraints on the available features. With the managed code and unmanaged code, one can have both the managed data and the unmanaged data in .NET application development the data that doesnt get garbage collected but instead is looked after by unmanaged code.Common Type Sy stemThe CLR uses something called the Common Type System (CTS) to strictly enforce type-safety for different languages supported by .Net. This will chink that all classes which are implementing should be compatible with each other class, describing these types in a common way. Common Type System that defines how types (classes, interfaces, structures) work at the runtime, which also enables these types in one language that interoperate with the types(classes, interfaces,..) in any other language, including with cross-language exception handling. CTS will ensure that the types are only used in a particular way the runtime environment also ensures that the code does not make attempt to access any memory that is not allocated to it.Common Language SpecificationThe Common Language Specification provides built-in rules and specifications that support for different languages interoperability. It also ensures that can be veritable managed code is fully used by different developers using various programming languages, a set of language features and specifications has been defined in Common Language Specification (CLS). The components which follow these specifications and expose only Common Language Specification features are considered as CLS-compliant code.6.2.3 The Class Library.NET provides one more special feature called base class library contains hierarchy of classes that are in built. Base class library defines more than 1000 types of inbuilt classes. Each and every class that defined in special construct called the namespace. The root namespace defined System or System.Object. System namespace contains basic types like Int16, Byte, Double, and String, etc. as well as Object. Objects of any class that derived from the System.Object. All the types have been differentiated into two types, Value types and Reference. Value types can be allocated in the stack memory that can provide more flexibility. Also having features called boxing and unboxing, boxing means o f converting value types to reference types and vice versa.The base class library (BCL) is a library of classes that are slightly comprehensive. BCL providing generic collections, network I/O, Security, threading, and so on, which provides also XML and database connectivity using ADO .Net.The base class library is subdivided into groups of cogitate namespaces each namespace provides variety of classes that are related logically.6.2.4 Languages Supported By .NetThe multi-language capability of the .NET Framework and Visual Studio .NET tool enables the programmers to use their programming skills to develop different types of applications like standalone applications, Web services, and web applications. The .NET framework also supports different versions of languages like Visual Basic, C++, VB.NET, and Managed C++, and so on.C is an object oriented programming language used to develop the various applications like web, windows, web services,there is no standard library for C on its o wn but it has been designed with the help of using the .NET libraries.Fig. 6.1 Net FrameworkC.NET is also compliant with Common Languages Specification and that supports structured exception handling with System Exception namespace. Common Language Specification is a set of rules that are followed by the Common Language Runtime. CLR is the execution engine provided by the .NET and it performs the execution of the code, makes the development process very easy. The objects or components that created by C able to use in other CLS-compliant languages. Can be use objects and components created in any other CLS-compliant languages in C.NET. The CLS ensure that complete interoperability between applications, disregarding of the different languages used to design the application.6.3 Features of SQL-ServerSQL-Server is a Microsofts official data base server which will use to maintain large number of tables with relations.The OLAP Services feature available in SQL Server version 7.0 is fort hwith called SQL Server 2005 Analysis Services. The term OLAP Services has been replaced with the term Analysis Services. Analysis Services also includes a new data mining component. The Repository component available in SQL Server version 7.0 is now called Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Meta Data Services. References to the component now use the term Meta Data Services. The term repository is used only in reference to the repository engine within Meta Data Services.SQL-SERVER database consist of sixer type of objects. They are,TableQueryFormReportMacro